1. Name the two basic categories of ecosystem. Provide examples for each.
2. Why does an aquarium consider as a manmade ecosystem?
3. Define ecosystem.
4. State the term used for vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels.
5. What are the four components of ecosystem that functions as a unit? Explain with examples of the pond ecosystem.
6. Differentiate between primary production and secondary secondary production.
7. How does GPP differ from NPP?
8. Define productivity. Mention its unit.
9. Write the unit for primary productivity to be expressed in terms of energy.
10. State the importance of decomposition in an ecosystem.
11. What is detritus and detrivores?
12. Explain the steps involved in decomposition.
13. Of two detritus samples, one is rich in lignin and chitin while the other is rich in nitrogen and sugar. Which of these two will decompose faster?
14. A detritus sample was placed in an oxygen less environment. How long do you think will it take for decomposition to complete?
15. Is the rate of decomposition affected by the temperature? If yes, how?
16. What is PAR? What is the amount of PAR that is available to the green plants for the production of biomass?
17. Why is the flow of energy in a food chain always unidirectional?
18. Differentiate between DFC and GFC.
19. What are saprotrophs?
20. Organisms occupying a specific place in a food chain based on the source of nutrition is known as____________?
21. What do you understand by standing crop?
22. Why is the measurement of biomass in terms of dry weight more accurate?
23. The energy available at the producer level is 1000000J. what will be the energy available at the tertiary consumer level and why?
24. Why is the number of the trophic levels in a food chain limited?
25. Construct a pyramid of number in a grassland ecosystem with 1000000 PP, 300000 PC, 90000 SC and 10 TC.
26. Why is the pyramid of energy never inverted?
27. Under what conditions do you think that the pyramid of biomass be inverted? Provide one example of the same.
28. State the limitations of the ecological pyramid (3 points).
29. What is the main difference between primary production and secondary succession? Which one of these is slower and why?
30. Differentiate between the climax community and the seral community.
31. What do you call a community that is in near equilibrium with the environment?
32. During a primary succession, fire broke out and reversed the current seral community to an earlier seral community. Will you be able to find the pioneer species during the ongoing succession event?
33. Differentiate between hydrarch and xerarch succession.
34. Why is the rate of succession faster in the secondary succession?
35. List all the intermediate stage in the primay succession of water.
36. Define standing state.
37. Why is nutrient cycling is also known as the biogeochemical cycle?
38. Explain in details the carbon cycle in nature.
39. What regulates the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?
40. Why is phosphorous important for the living organisms? Represent phosphorous cycle in a terrestrial ecosystem.
41. What is the contribution of Robert Constanza with regard to the ecosystem studies?
42. What
are the factors that decide the pioneer species during secondary succession?
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