Biotechnology : Principles and Processes - Chapter End Test

CLASS-XII BIOLOGY CHAPTER END TEST

CHAPTER-09: BIOTECHNOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES

Q.1	Which one of the following option is correct for A, B and C marked in the given diagram of recombinant DNA technology s; B-Ligases; C-Transformation	1M
Q.2	Which of the given statements is correct in the context of visualizing DNA molecules separated by agarose gel electrophoresis? a. DNA can be seen in visible light b. DNA can be seen without staining in visible light c. Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen in visible light d. Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light	1M
Q.3	An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of: a. Competent bacterial cells b. Transformed bacterial cells c. Recombinant bacterial cells d. None of the above	1M
Q.4	Who among the following was awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of PCR technique? a. Herbert Boyer b. Hargovind Khurana c. Kary Mullis d. Arthur Kornberg	1M
Q.5	Explain the concept of heat shock treatment used for bacterial transformation.	2M
Q.6	What are selectable markers? State its importance.	2M
Q.7	What are bioreactors? Provide suitable diagram of a simple stirred bioreactor.	3M
Q.8	Polymerase chain reaction (abbreviated PCR) is a laboratory technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA, which can then be studied in greater detail. The PCR may be Real-Time PCR (quantitative PCR or qPCR) Reverse-Transcriptase (RT-PCR) Multiplex PCR. It is a revolutionary method developed by Kary Mullis in the 1980s? PCR is based on using the ability of DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands of DNA complementary to the offered template strand. Because DNA polymerase can add a nucleotide only onto a preexisting 3'-OH group, it needs a primer. The PCR reaction starts to generate copies of the target sequence exponentially. Only during the exponential phase of the PCR reaction is it possible to extrapolate back to determine the starting quantity of the target sequence contained in the sample. A specific polymerase is used in PCR as it is a- Very heat sensitive b- Heat stable c- Act very fast at high-temperature d- Acts only at low temperature Assertion: Primers are 2-3 nucleotide sequences mostly of RNA. Reason: it is widely used in PCR as it provided 3’ OH end for polymerization. Both assertion and reason are correct and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion. Both assertion and reason are correct and the reason is not a correct explanation of assertion. c- Assertion is true but the reason is false. d-Assertion is false but the reason is true. Thermus aquaticus bacteria is useful in obtaining a- Taq polymerase b- Vent polymerase c- Ti polymerase d- Annealing Polymerase PCR is used in a- Detection of antigens which are present in very small quantity b- Amplification of DNA c- Cancer test d- All of these	4M
Q.9	Explain in details the three steps involved in the process of PCR. Also mention the name of the specialised polymerase enzyme used here along with its source. Provide suitable diagram for the same.	5M